📄 28 — Confirmation Bias
Definition
The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms existing beliefs.
When to Use
• Research • Analysis • Debates • Diagnostics • Hiring decisions
How It Improves Reasoning
It forces you to consider disconfirming evidence and alternative explanations.
Steps
- Identify your current belief.
- Seek disconfirming evidence.
- Evaluate both sides objectively.
- Update your belief if needed.
Example
A manager only noticing data that supports their preferred strategy.
Prompts
• “Identify confirmation bias in this argument.” • “Provide disconfirming evidence.”