Can understand complex argumentative texts and identify the author's line of argumentation, claims, evidence and conclusion
Argumentation mapping
Vocabulary
line of argumentation — linha de argumentação
The of the text rests on recent data.
A linha de argumentação do texto apoia-se em dados recentes.theses and antitheses — teses e antíteses
The author confronts before concluding.
O autor confronta teses e antíteses antes de concluir.circumstantial evidence — evidência circunstancial
The suggests, but does not prove, the thesis.
A evidência circunstancial sugere, mas não prova, a tese.turning point — momento de viragem
The of the text is the refutation of the central objection.
O momento de viragem do texto é a refutação da objeção central.convergence of factors — convergência de fatores
The author shows the that explains the phenomenon.
O autor mostra a convergência de fatores que explica o fenómeno.to follow the reasoning — travar o raciocínio
The attentive reader follows the author's reasoning paragraph by paragraph.
O leitor atento trava o raciocínio do autor parágrafo a parágrafo.
Grammar
Advanced connectors for text architecture
Using connectors such as 'by contrast', 'granted that' and 'on the strength of' to signal concession, contrast, hypothesis and evidential weight across paragraphs
- By contrast, production costs continue to rise.
- Granted that the evidence is limited, the hypothesis remains plausible.
Cultural notes
British academic prose mixes explicit connectives with cohesive devices such as substitution and ellipsis; the logical relations are often signalled at the start of the paragraph in the theme position.